CF1704D.Magical Array

普及/提高-

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题目描述

Eric has an array bb of length mm , then he generates nn additional arrays c1,c2,,cnc_1, c_2, \dots, c_n , each of length mm , from the array bb , by the following way:

Initially, ci=bc_i = b for every 1in1 \le i \le n . Eric secretly chooses an integer kk (1kn)(1 \le k \le n) and chooses ckc_k to be the special array.

There are two operations that Eric can perform on an array ctc_t :

  • Operation 1: Choose two integers ii and jj ( 2i<jm12 \leq i < j \leq m-1 ), subtract 11 from both ct[i]c_t[i] and ct[j]c_t[j] , and add 11 to both ct[i1]c_t[i-1] and ct[j+1]c_t[j+1] . That operation can only be used on a non-special array, that is when tkt \neq k .;
  • Operation 2: Choose two integers ii and jj ( 2i<jm22 \leq i < j \leq m-2 ), subtract 11 from both ct[i]c_t[i] and ct[j]c_t[j] , and add 11 to both ct[i1]c_t[i-1] and ct[j+2]c_t[j+2] . That operation can only be used on a special array, that is when t=kt = k .Note that Eric can't perform an operation if any element of the array will become less than 00 after that operation.

Now, Eric does the following:

  • For every non-special array cic_i ( iki \neq k ), Eric uses only operation 1 on it at least once.
  • For the special array ckc_k , Eric uses only operation 2 on it at least once.

Lastly, Eric discards the array bb .

For given arrays c1,c2,,cnc_1, c_2, \dots, c_n , your task is to find out the special array, i.e. the value kk . Also, you need to find the number of times of operation 22 was used on it.

输入格式

The first line contains a single integer tt ( 1t1041 \leq t \leq 10^4 ) — the number of test cases. Description of test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains two integers nn and mm ( 3n1053 \leq n \leq 10^5 , 7m31057 \leq m \leq 3 \cdot 10^5 ) — the number of arrays given to you, and the length of each array.

The next nn lines contains mm integers each, ci,1,ci,2,,ci,mc_{i,1}, c_{i,2}, \dots , c_{i,m} .

It is guaranteed that each element of the discarded array bb is in the range [0,106][0,10^6] , and therefore 0ci,j310110 \leq c_{i,j} \leq 3 \cdot 10^{11} for all possible pairs of (i,j)(i,j) .

It is guaranteed that the sum of nmn \cdot m over all test cases does not exceed 10610^6 .

It is guaranteed that the input is generated according to the procedure above.

输出格式

For each test case, output one line containing two integers — the index of the special array, and the number of times that Operation 2 was performed on it. It can be shown that under the constraints given in the problem, this value is unique and won't exceed 101810^{18} , so you can represent it as a 6464 -bit integer. It can also be shown that the index of the special array is uniquely determined.

In this problem, hacks are disabled.

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    7
    3 9
    0 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 0
    0 1 1 1 2 0 0 2 0
    0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 0
    3 7
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20
    26 14 20 14 26 20 20
    25 15 20 15 20 20 25
    3 9
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 20 20
    26 14 20 14 26 20 20 20 20
    25 15 20 15 25 15 20 20 25
    3 11
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 20 20 20 20
    26 14 20 14 26 20 20 20 20 20 20
    25 15 20 15 25 20 15 20 20 20 25
    3 13
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
    26 14 20 14 26 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 15 20 20 20 20 25
    3 15
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
    26 14 20 14 26 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
    25 15 20 15 25 20 20 20 15 20 20 20 20 20 25
    3 9
    909459 479492 676924 224197 162866 164495 193268 742456 728277
    948845 455424 731850 327890 304150 237351 251763 225845 798316
    975446 401170 792914 272263 300770 242037 236619 334316 725899

    输出#1

    3 1
    3 10
    3 15
    3 20
    3 25
    3 30
    1 1378716

说明/提示

In the first test case, the secret array bb is [0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0][0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0] . Array c1c_1 and array c2c_2 are generated by using operation 1. Array c3c_3 is generated by using operation 2.

For Array c1c_1 ,you can choose i=4i=4 and j=5j=5 perform Operation 1 one time to generate it. For Array c2c_2 , you can choose i=6i=6 and j=7j=7 perform Operation 1 one time to generate it. For Array c3c_3 ,you can choose i=4i=4 and j=5j=5 perform Operation 2 one time to generate it.

In the second test case, the secret array bb is [20,20,20,20,20,20,20][20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20] . You can also find that array c1c_1 and array c2c_2 are generated by using Operation 1. Array c3c_3 is generated by using Operation 2.

In the third test case, the secret array bb is [20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20][20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20] . You can also find that array c1c_1 and array c2c_2 are generated by using Operation 1. Array c3c_3 is generated by using Operation 2.

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