CF1334D.Minimum Euler Cycle

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题目描述

You are given a complete directed graph KnK_n with nn vertices: each pair of vertices uvu \neq v in KnK_n have both directed edges (u,v)(u, v) and (v,u)(v, u) ; there are no self-loops.

You should find such a cycle in KnK_n that visits every directed edge exactly once (allowing for revisiting vertices).

We can write such cycle as a list of n(n1)+1n(n - 1) + 1 vertices v1,v2,v3,,vn(n1)1,vn(n1),vn(n1)+1=v1v_1, v_2, v_3, \dots, v_{n(n - 1) - 1}, v_{n(n - 1)}, v_{n(n - 1) + 1} = v_1 — a visiting order, where each (vi,vi+1)(v_i, v_{i + 1}) occurs exactly once.

Find the lexicographically smallest such cycle. It's not hard to prove that the cycle always exists.

Since the answer can be too large print its [l,r][l, r] segment, in other words, vl,vl+1,,vrv_l, v_{l + 1}, \dots, v_r .

输入格式

The first line contains the single integer TT ( 1T1001 \le T \le 100 ) — the number of test cases.

Next TT lines contain test cases — one per line. The first and only line of each test case contains three integers nn , ll and rr ( 2n1052 \le n \le 10^5 , 1lrn(n1)+11 \le l \le r \le n(n - 1) + 1 , rl+1105r - l + 1 \le 10^5 ) — the number of vertices in KnK_n , and segment of the cycle to print.

It's guaranteed that the total sum of nn doesn't exceed 10510^5 and the total sum of rl+1r - l + 1 doesn't exceed 10510^5 .

输出格式

For each test case print the segment vl,vl+1,,vrv_l, v_{l + 1}, \dots, v_r of the lexicographically smallest cycle that visits every edge exactly once.

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    3
    2 1 3
    3 3 6
    99995 9998900031 9998900031

    输出#1

    1 2 1 
    1 3 2 3 
    1

说明/提示

In the second test case, the lexicographically minimum cycle looks like: 1,2,1,3,2,3,11, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1 .

In the third test case, it's quite obvious that the cycle should start and end in vertex 11 .

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