CF959E.Mahmoud and Ehab and the xor-MST

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题目描述

Ehab is interested in the bitwise-xor operation and the special graphs. Mahmoud gave him a problem that combines both. He has a complete graph consisting of nn vertices numbered from 00 to n1n-1 . For all 0<=u<v<n0<=u<v<n , vertex uu and vertex vv are connected with an undirected edge that has weight (where is the bitwise-xor operation). Can you find the weight of the minimum spanning tree of that graph?

You can read about complete graphs in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_graph

You can read about the minimum spanning tree in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_spanning_tree

The weight of the minimum spanning tree is the sum of the weights on the edges included in it.

输入格式

The only line contains an integer nn (2<=n<=1012)(2<=n<=10^{12}) , the number of vertices in the graph.

输出格式

The only line contains an integer xx , the weight of the graph's minimum spanning tree.

输入输出样例

  • 输入#1

    4
    

    输出#1

    4

说明/提示

In the first sample: The weight of the minimum spanning tree is 1+2+1=4.

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